Clinical Studies and Scientific References

All of the ingredients used in our pods were selected by our board of doctors based on over 100 clinical studies and scientific references. We encourage anyone who is interested to explore these references and find out more about why the pods are built the way they are. For convenience, we alphabetized  the list.

1. Ahmed M, Henson DA, Sanderson MC, Nieman DC, Gillitt ND, Lila MA. The protective effects of a polyphenol-enriched protein powder on exercise-induced susceptibility to virus infection. Phytother Res. 2014 Dec;28(12):1829-36. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25088029/ 
2. Anderson JJ, Nieman DC. Diet Quality-The Greeks Had It Right! Nutrients. 2016 Oct 14;8(10).  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27754409/. 
3.  Armstrong LE, Johnson EC. Water intake, water balance, and the elusive daily water requirement. Nutrients. 2018;10(12):1928. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30563134/ 
4. Benton D, Jenkins KT, Watkins HT, Young HA. Minor degree of hypohydration adversely influences cognition: a mediator analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;104(3):603–612. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27510536/ 
5. Bell L, Lamport DJ, Butler LT, Williams CM. A review of the cognitive effects observed in humans following acute supplementation with flavonoids, and their associated mechanisms of action. nutrients. 2015 Dec 9;7(12):10290-306. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26690214/ 
6. Belval LN, Hosokawa Y, Casa DJ, et al. Practical hydration solutions for sports. Nutrients. 2019;11(7):1550. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31324008/ 
7. Bertoia ML, Rimm EB, Mukamal KJ, Hu FB, Willett WC, Cassidy A. Dietary flavonoid intake and weight maintenance: three prospective cohorts of 124,086 US men and women followed for up to 24 years. BMJ. 2016;352:i17. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26823518/ 
8. Bhagwat S, Haytowitz DB, Holden JM. 2014. USDA Database for the Flavonoid Content of Selected Foods, Release 3.1. Available online: http://www.ars.usda.gov/nutrientdata/flav. 
9. Braun H, von Andrian-Werburg J, Malisova O, et al. Differing water intake and hydration status in three European countries-a day-to-day analysis. Nutrients. 2019;11(4):773. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30987139/ 
10. Burke LM, Castell LM, Casa DJ, et al. International Association of Athletics Federations Consensus Statement 2019: Nutrition for Athletics. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2019;29(2):73–84. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30952204/ 
11. Burke LM, Jeukendrup AE, Jones AM, Mooses M. Contemporary Nutrition Strategies to Optimize Performance in Distance Runners and Race Walkers. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2019;29(2):117–129. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30747558/ 
12. Calder PC, Carr AC, Gombart AF, Eggersdorfer M. Optimal Nutritional Status for a Well-Functioning Immune System Is an Important Factor to Protect against Viral Infections. Nutrients. 2020 Apr 23;12(4):1181. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32340216/ 
13. Cassidy, A.; Rogers, G.; Peterson, J.J.; Dwyer, J.T.; Lin, H.; Jacques, P.F.  Higher dietary anthocyanin and flavonol intakes are associated with anti-inflammatory effects in a population of US adults.  Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2015, 102, 172-181. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26016863/. 
14. Chang SC, Cassidy A, Willett WC, Rimm EB, O'Reilly EJ, Okereke OI. Dietary flavonoid intake and risk of incident depression in midlife and older women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 Sep;104(3):704-14. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27413131/ 
15. Cheuvront SN, Kenefick RW, Charkoudian N, Sawka MN. Physiologic basis for understanding quantitative dehydration assessment. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97(3):455–462. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23343973/ 
16. Cialdella-Kam L, Nieman DC, Knab AM, et al. A Mixed Flavonoid-Fish Oil Supplement Induces Immune-Enhancing and Anti-Inflammatory Transcriptomic Changes in Adult Obese and Overweight Women-A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2016;8(5):277. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27187447/ 
17. Doherty M, Smith PM. Effects of caffeine ingestion on rating of perceived exertion during and after exercise: a meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2005 Apr;15(2):69-78. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15773860/ 
18. Drewnowski A, Rehm CD, Constant F. Water and beverage consumption among adults in the United States: cross-sectional study using data from NHANES 2005-2010. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:1068. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24219567/ 
19. Dulloo AG, Duret C, Rohrer D, Girardier L, Mensi N, Fathi M, Chantre P, Vandermander J. Efficacy of a green tea extract rich in catechin polyphenols and caffeine in increasing 24-h energy expenditure and fat oxidation in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Dec;70(6):1040-5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10584049/ 
20. Duranti G, Ceci R, Patrizio F, et al. Chronic consumption of quercetin reduces erythrocytes oxidative damage: Evaluation at resting and after eccentric exercise in humans. Nutr Res. 2018;50:73–81. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29540274/. 
21. Erlund, I.; Koli, R.; Alfthan, G.; Marniemi, J.; Puukka, P.; Mustonen, P.; Mattila, P.; Jula, A.  Favorable effects of berry consumption on platelet function, blood pressure, and HDL cholesterol.  Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2008, 87, 323-331. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27187447/ 
22. Evans GH, James LJ, Shirreffs SM, Maughan RJ. Optimizing the restoration and maintenance of fluid balance after exercise-induced dehydration. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2017;122(4):945–951. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28126906/ 
23. Ferruzzi MG, Tanprasertsuk J, Kris-Etherton P, Weaver CM, Johnson EJ. Perspective: The role of beverages as a source of nutrients and phytonutrients. Adv Nutr. 2020 May 1;11(3):507-523. 

By David Nieman